外研版选择性必修第四册全册写作指导 Unit 1 Looking forwards .................................................................... - 1 - Unit 2 Lessons in life .......................................................................... - 4 - Unit 3 The world meets China ........................................................... - 7 - Unit 4 Everyday economics .............................................................. - 10 - Unit 5 Into the unknown ................................................................. - 12 - Unit 6 Space and beyond ................................................................. - 14 -
Unit 1 Looking forwards 申请信 申请信有很多种，比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请、报考申请、学位或留学申请等等。个人情况的介绍应该是求职信的核心内容，应尽可能向对方说明本人的长处，以便留下好印象，获得面谈的机会。
[基本框架] 在谋篇布局时，申请信首先要点明目的，自我简介，点出信息来源，然后详述个人优势，简述个人要求。最后，表达感谢，简述获准后的打算，期待对方优先考虑。
[常用词块] 1．put an advertisement in the local paper 在当地报纸登一则广告 2．create 15 new posts 增设 15 个新职位 3．an application for membership 会员资格申请 4．be grateful for any information you can give us 对您提供的信息我们感激不尽 5．communicate with each other 互相沟通 6．a job interview 求职面试 7．have the opportunity to ask any questions 有机会提任何问题 8．apply for a job 申请工作
9．major in computer science 主修计算机科学 10．have a good command of English 精通英语 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．I am writing to apply for the job/position. 我写信的目的是申请这份工作/职位。
2．I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for... 我特地写信给贵方，对于您最近在广告上登出的招聘……的信息，我很感兴趣。
3．I am quite interested in this job. 我对这份工作很感兴趣。
★丰满主体 1．I graduated from...university three years ago/just now. 我三年前/刚刚毕业于……大学。
2．I work hard and I can get along well with others. 我工作努力，与人相处融洽。
3．I major in English/Computer/Chinese medicine. 我学英语/计算机/中医专业。
4．I am kind，easygoing and always ready to help others. 我友好，随和，总是乐于助人。
5．I have a gift for music and am fond of singing and dancing. 我在音乐上有天赋，喜欢唱歌和跳舞。
6．I have read a lot and have much knowledge in many fields. 我读过很多书，知识面广。
7．I am easy to get along with and enjoy working together with others. 我容易相处，乐于与人合作。
8．I am good at communicating with others. 我善于与人交流。
★余味结尾 1．I shall be much thankful if you offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.
如果您能给我提供一个宝贵的面试机会，我将不胜感激。
2．Thank you for considering my application and I am looking forward to hearing from you. 感谢您考虑我的申请，期待得到您的回复。
3．I would be grateful if you could consider my request，and I"m looking forward to your early reply. 如果您能够考虑一下我的请求，我将不胜感激，盼望您的早日回复。
4．I think I am quite qualified for the job. 我想我完全能胜任这份工作。
5．I am sure I can do the job well if I get the position. 如果我得到这个职位，我肯定能把工作做好。
假如你是李华，从网上得知杭州亚运会组委会正在面向社会招收志愿者，欢迎在校学生参加。请你用英语给负责人 Miss Lee 发一封电子邮件申请参加。内容主要包括：
1．自我介绍(兴趣、特长等)； 2．参加意图； 3．希望获准。
注意：1.词数 80 左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：杭州亚运会组委会 Hangzhou Asian Games Organizing Committee
【参考范文】
Dear Miss Lee， I feel it lucky to have learnt via the Internet that Hangzhou Asian Games Organizing Committee is recruiting volunteers，so I"m writing to apply for the position. I"m an outgoing and allround student majoring in English.Besides，I am well acquainted with the Western culture，and this is why there should be no obstacles for me
to communicate with foreigners.What"s more，I am a local person in Hangzhou，enabling myself to show splendid local culture to foreign friends through this opportunity.I believe I"m a qualified candidate. I"ll be obliged if I receive your favorable reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua
Unit 2 Lessons in life 概要写作 概要是包含文本主要信息的简本，其目的是向读者提供有关文章大意的简短而清晰的报告。目前，高考试题中的概要写作要求考生根据一篇 350 词以内的短文，写出一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。概要既要用词准确，结构合理，语义连贯，不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的主旨大意。
[写作步骤]
第一步：归纳主旨大意(含段落大意) 1．概要写作的第一步便是阅读短文并抓取主题，进而提取主旨大意，即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。归纳主旨大意，是为了整体上把握语篇要义，有利于区分主次、剔除细节信息。
2．确定段落主旨句时，要兼顾语篇大背景，即在全文主旨大意的统领下归纳段落主旨，将段落主旨纳入语篇主旨的架构中。不是所有的段落都有现成的段落主旨句，有的段落主旨句需要根据段落内容予以归纳和概括。
阅读语篇时，根据不同的文体可采取以下方法归纳主旨大意：
记叙文 圈出记叙文的六要素(who，when，where，what，how，why)；如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意 说明文 找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议 议论文 提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、结论) 第二步：提炼关键词 1．结合主旨大意，细读段落，找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词，区别段落中
哪些是 main ideas，哪些是 supporting ideas，examples 和 additional information。通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据。
2．削减事例，尽量减少实例并省略细节。
第三步：合并和改写 1．合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合，找到信息之间的联系，再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但如果联系紧密，且没有支持的细节信息，可以考虑合并。
2．在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变(改词、换句型)。
第四步：核查成文 核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词(but，then，later，finally，besides，thus，therefore，yet，however)；核查标点和语法；核查词数，并最终连句成文。
[注意事项]
1．词数要限制在 60 左右。
2．要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3．人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
4．写作时尽可能地使用自己的语言，不得照搬照抄原文。
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Your hunger doesn"t necessarily mean you are really hungry.It is an important sign of what is happening in your body—physically，emotionally and mentally.Sounds strange? It is true and here in this article we shall discuss certain things that your hunger is trying to tell you. When you feel hungry，try to figure out if you are really hungry.Sometimes when you think that you are hungry，you might be thirsty.It is possible that you have been dehydrated(脱水)for a long time and your body is sending a signal through your hunger.So instead of eating，go for water and quench your thirst at the earliest. If you feel hungry all the time，it could mean that you are depriving(剥夺)yourself
of certain foods and hence the body is craving for these.If you are on a strict diet，then go for foods and legumes rich in protein along with complex carbohydrates(碳水化合物)like quinoa and brown rice that will take you a long time to digest and will keep you full for a long period of time. You might get hungry for a certain kind of food only at times.This is because you become emotional about certain foods.For example，if you are happy and celebrating your anniversary，you might end up having a desire for the cake that you bought to celebrate the special occasion.This is called emotional eating. Sometimes your hunger might mean that you need to take a break.When you end up working at a stretch，and you do not realize that your body needs rest，you can end up feeling hungry as it is a way your body is telling you to break free from work. Sometimes when you are bored or stressed out，you might feel hungry.It is the body"s way of telling you that you need a change of scene.Go out，take a walk，talk to your dearest friend or simply take some deep breaths.Even after this，if you feel hungry，do eat.
【参考范文】
Many factors can explain why your hunger doesn"t necessarily mean you are really hungry.(要点 1)First，when you are thirsty and having a desire for a certain food，you will feel hungry.(要点 2)Besides，you might be hungry when you become emotional about certain foods on some special occasions.(要点 3)Moreover，lack of rest or feeling bored and stressed out can also lead to your hunger.(要点 4)
Unit 3 The world meets China
电子邮件 电子邮件(electronic mail，常缩略为 e-mail，Email 或 email)属应用文体。它用途广泛，传递快捷，可以一件多发。而且费用十分低廉，特别适合国际间的交流。
[基本框架] 电子邮件一般由以下五部分组成：
(1)收件人地址：在标题栏的 “收件人(To)”框中输入收件人的 E-mail 地址。
(2)主题：“主题(Subject)”框的内容应简明地概括邮件的内容。短的可以是一个单词，如 greeting；长的可以是一个名词性短语，也可以是完整的句子。
(3)称呼：E-mail 一般使用非正式的文体，因此正文前的称呼通常无需使用诸如 Dear MrJohn 之类的表达。在同辈的亲朋好友或同事间可以直呼其名，如：Hi Tom，但对长辈或上级最好使用头衔并使用姓。如 Dear Doctor Li。
(4)正文：写 E-mail 和写英文书信相差不多，但还要注意以下两点：
a：首先要明确写给谁。不同的收件人，语气不同。写给朋友的可用一些俚语或缩写语言，但正式的邮件就不能用俚语或缩写词语。
b：写电子邮件要直接，并多用短句使意思清楚。对于根据提示来写的电子邮件，必须将要点写全，并注意语言的运用。
(5)结尾客套话：结尾客套话通常也很简明。常用 Thanks，Best，Cheers，Sincerely yours，Best regards 等。
[常用词块] 1．recommend the book to all my students 向我所有的学生推荐这本书 2．a proposal to build more office accommodation 增建办公楼的建议 3．questions concerning the future of the company 有关公司前途的问题 4．give your brother my regards
代我向你哥哥问好 5．look forward to hearing from you 盼望收到你的来信 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1．I am happy/glad/pleased to receive your e-mail dated by May 1st. 我很高兴收到你 5 月 1 日的电子邮件。
2．I am sorry not to answer/reply to your e-mail in time because I have been busy these days. 很抱歉，我这几天一直很忙，没有及时回复您的电子邮件。
3．I am sorry to learn that... 很抱歉得知…… 4．I am glad to receive your letter saying that... 很高兴收到你的来信，信中说…… ★丰满主体 1．Meanwhile，smoking is...Besides...同时，吸烟是……另外…… 2．As far as I am concerned，we shoul...