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摘 要：传统的城市研究预设了一个城市经济与文化的区隔，在解释城市增长发展效力上往往把文化放置在从属地位来对待。然而，后工业与全球化的趋势正在显著提升文化的重要性。文化设施活动对城市经济效力的作用日益凸显。工业时代以来城市增长模型已经过时。重工业的衰退消弱了城市增长的动力，同时，越来越凸显城市作为消费空间与符号或表达“生产”场所的重要意义。有些人已经看到了全球化、有线城市（the wired city）与电子通信在消弱城市作为空间距离据点的重要性意义。就某些生产问题而言，这或许正确。但这反过来提出了一些问题，如关于消费vs生产决策如何影响城市增长动力。甚至在诸如芝加哥这样的一个早前的工业重镇，现在最大产业已经蜕变成了娱乐业，涉及旅游业、会议、餐饮、酒店及相关的经济活动。在后工业城市里的市民对“生活质量”的诉求，就好像旅游者一样，对于他们所生活的地方格外重视美学的意义。这些实践变化推动着我们仔细考虑，后工业城市里的生活文化设施（amenities）的本质。城市正在加速演变成“娱乐机器”（entertainment machine），文化在不断增强城市经济社会福利。城市的娱乐组成要素正在通过积极地、战略性的政治与经济过程被生产出来。娱乐变成了城市政策制定者的主要工作内容，在一般意义上揭示这一主题的基础上，并用个案案例材料来说明这一动力，涉及到芝加哥城市个案，以及一项涉及全美城市人口超过2.5万人的市长调查资料。
关键词：文化生活设施；城市增长；娱乐机器；新范式；文化动力；政策
Abstract：Studies of the city traditionally posit a division between a city’s economy and its culture， with culture subordinate in explanatory power to “work.” However， post-industrial and globalizing trends are dramatically elevating the importance of culture. Cultural activities are increasingly crucial to urban economic vitality. Models to explain the growth of cities from the era of industrial manufacturing are outmoded. Loss of heavy industry impacts the dynamics of urban growth， increasing the relative importance of the city both as a space of consumption and as a site for “production” which is distinctly symbolic/expressive. Some have seen globalization， the wired city， and electronic communication as destroying cities as proximity should decline in importance. This may be correct for some production concerns， but this in turn raises questions about consumption versus production decisions affecting urban growth and dynamics. Even in a former industrial power like Chicago， the number one industry has become entertainment， which city officials define to include tourism， conventions， restaurants， hotels， and related economic activities. Citizens in the postindustrial city increasingly make “quality of life” demands， treating their own urban location as if tourists， emphasizing aesthetic concerns. These practices impact considerations about the proper nature of amenities that post-industrial cities can sustain. The city increasingly becomes an Entertainment Machine， leveraging culture to enhance its economic well being. The entertainment components of cities are actively and strategically produced through political and economic processes. Entertainment becomes the work of many urban participants. We elaborate this theme in general and illustrate its force with case study materials from Chicago and a national study of U.S. mayors in cities over 25，000 in population.