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    时间重置躲过了2012_2012世界末日,传言不可信

    来源:六七范文网 时间:2019-05-12 04:41:13 点击:

      The end of the world is near—December 21, 2012, to be exact—according to theories based on a purported2) ancient Maya prediction. But could humankind really meet its end in 2012—drowned in apocalyptic3) floods, walloped4) by a secret planet, seared5) by an angry sun, or thrown overboard by speeding continents? And did the ancient Maya—whose empire peaked between A.D. 250 and 900 in what is now Mexico and Central America—really predict the end of the world in 2012?
      有关世界末日的种种说法都源于传说中古玛雅人的一个预言,按照这些说法,世界末日(确切来说是2012年12月21日)快到了。然而,人类真的会在2012年迎来末日——葬身洪水浩劫,遭神秘星球撞击,被似火骄阳烤焦,或是被急速移动的大陆甩出?古玛雅人的帝国(今墨西哥和中美洲地区)曾在公元250~900年间盛极一时,他们是否真的曾预言说世界末日就在2012年呢?
      Myth
      传言1
      Maya Predicted End of the World in 2012
      玛雅预言2012世界末日
      The Maya calendar doesn"t end in 2012, as some have said, and the ancients never viewed that year as the time of the end of the world, archaeologists say. But December 21, 2012 was nonetheless momentous to the Maya. "It"s the time when the largest grand cycle in the Mayan calendar—1,872,000 days or 5125.37 years—overturns and a new cycle begins," said Anthony Aveni, a Maya expert and archaeoastronomer at Colgate University in Hamilton, New York.
      The Maya kept time on a scale few other cultures have considered. During the empire"s heyday6), the Maya invented the Long Count7), a lengthy circular calendar. During the 2012 winter solstice, time runs out on the current era of the Long Count calendar, which began at what the Maya saw as the dawn of the last creation period: August 11, 3114 B.C. The Maya wrote that date as Day Zero.
      In December 2012 the lengthy era ends and the complicated, cyclical8) calendar will roll over again to Day Zero, beginning another enormous cycle. "The idea is that time gets renewed, that the world gets renewed all over again—often after a period of stress—the same way we renew time on New Year"s Day or even on Monday morning," said Aveni.
      考古学家们称,玛雅历法并不像有些人所说的那样止于2012年,而且古玛雅人也从来没有把2012年视为世界终结的时间。不过,对玛雅人来说,2012年12月21日确实是个很重要的日子。“这天是玛雅历法中最长的大周期(187.2万天或5125.37年)行进到头而新周期开始的日子。”纽约州哈密尔顿市科尔盖特大学的玛雅研究专家和考古天文学家安东尼·阿韦尼如是说。
      玛雅人计时的方法鲜有其他文明想到过。在玛雅帝国的鼎盛时期,玛雅人发明了长计历——一种周期特别长的循环历法。当前长计历的起始时间是公元前3114年8月11日(玛雅人认为这一天是最后一个创世时期开始的日子),终止时间是2012年的冬至日(玛雅人将这一天记为“零日”)。
      在2012年12月,这个漫长的时期结束,错综复杂、循环往复的长计历将再次运转到“零日”,开始又一个大周期。“玛雅人认为,既然时间要重头计起,那么世界也会全部焕然一新。这种更迭轮回常常在历经一段紧张时期后出现,就跟我们在元旦甚至周一清晨迎来全新开始是一样的。”阿韦尼如是说。
      Myth
      传言2
      Breakaway Continents Will Destroy Civilization
      大陆断裂将毁灭地球文明
      In some 2012 doomsday9) prophecies, Earth becomes a deathtrap as it undergoes a "pole shift". The planet"s crust and mantle10) will suddenly shift, spinning around Earth"s liquid-iron outer core like an orange"s peel spinning around its fleshy fruit.   2012, the movie, envisions a Maya-predicted pole shift, triggered by an extreme gravitational pull on the planet—courtesy of a rare "galactic alignment11)"—and by massive solar radiation destabilizing the inner Earth by heating it. Breakaway oceans and continents dump cities into the sea, thrust palm trees to the poles, and spawn12) earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and other disasters.
      Scientists dismiss such drastic13) scenarios14), but some researchers have speculated that a subtler shift could occur. Princeton University geologist Adam Maloof says magnetic evidence in rocks confirms that continents have undergone such drastic rearrangement, but the process took millions of years—slow enough that humanity wouldn"t have felt the motion.
      一些2012世界末日预言声称,地球会经历一场“磁极转换”,变成一个死亡之渊。届时,地球的地壳和地幔会突然转动起来,像一个橙子的外皮绕着它的果肉打转那样,绕着由液态铁构成的地球外核不停地旋转。
      电影《2012》就设想了玛雅预言中磁极转换的场景。一种罕见的“银河对齐”现象使地球受到极强的宇宙引力;同时,强烈的太阳辐射造成地心温度升高,失去稳定。在这两者的共同作用下,地球发生磁极转换,海陆开裂导致城镇被倾倒入海,棕榈树飞落两极,地震、海啸、火山爆发以及其他灾害纷至沓来。
      虽然科学家们否认地球会出现如此剧变,但是一些研究人员推测,地球可能会发生较为微弱的磁极转换。来自普林斯顿大学的地质学家亚当·马卢夫表示,岩石中的磁性迹象证明大陆确实曾经经历过如此剧变,但该过程长达数百万年,变化之缓,人类原本都不可能察觉得到。
      Myth
      传言3
      Galactic Alignment Spells Doom
      银河对齐预示世界末日
      Some sky-watchers believe 2012 will close with a "galactic alignment", which will occur for the first time in 26,000 years. In this scenario, the path of the sun in the sky would appear to cross through what, from Earth, looks to be the midpoint of our galaxy, the Milky Way.
      Some fear that the lineup will somehow expose Earth to powerful unknown galactic forces that will hasten its doom—perhaps through a "pole shift" or the stirring of the supermassive black hole at our galaxy"s heart. Others see the purported event in a positive light, as heralding15) the dawn of a new era in human consciousness.
      Morrison, senior scientist with the NASA Astrobiology Institute, has a different view. "There is no "galactic alignment" in 2012," he said, "or at least nothing out of the ordinary." He explained that a type of "alignment" occurs during every winter solstice, when the sun, as seen from Earth, appears in the sky near what looks to be the midpoint of the Milky Way. Horoscope16) writers may be excited by alignments, Morrison said. But "the reality is that alignments are of no interest to science. They mean nothing". They create no changes in gravitational pull, solar radiation, planetary orbits, or anything else that would impact life on Earth.
      一些天文观测者认为,2012年年底将会上演 “银河对齐”,这将是2.6万年来该奇观首次出现。届时,太阳在天空中的运行轨迹似乎会穿过银河系的中点——从地球这里看去正位于我们所处的银河系的正中央。   有些人担心,银河对齐将会以某种方式(可能是“磁极转换”或是银河系中心超大质量黑洞活动)使地球遭受强大而未知的星系作用力,从而加快地球的灭亡。而其他人则对传言的“银河对齐”持积极看法,认为这预示着人类意识中新纪元的来临。
      美国国家宇航局天体生物学研究所资深科学家莫里森对此有不同看法。“2012年不会出现所谓的‘银河对齐’,”他说,“或者至少不会出现任何反常现象。”他解释说,每年冬至日都会出现某种“对齐”现象,这时从地球上看,太阳在空中看起来像是位于银河的中点附近。莫里森说,星象专家或许会对各种对齐现象饶有兴趣,但“实际上,这些对齐现象没有科学价值,没有任何意义”。它们不会导致宇宙引力、太阳辐射、行星轨道或其他一切会影响地球上生命的因素发生任何变化。
      Myth
      传言4
      Planet X Is on a Collision Course with Earth
      未知行星X将撞击地球
      Some say it"s out there: a mysterious Planet X on a collision course with Earth—or at least a disruptive flyby. A direct hit would obliterate17) Earth, it"s said. Even a near miss, some fear, could shower Earth with deadly asteroid impacts hurled our way by the planet"s gravitational wake.
      Could such an unknown planet really be headed our way in 2012, even just a little bit? Well, no. "There is no object out there," Morrison said. "That"s probably the most straightforward thing to say." "If there were a planet or a brown dwarf18) or whatever that was going to be in the inner solar system, astronomers would have been studying it for the past decade and it would be visible to the naked eye by now," Morrison said. "It"s not there."
      有些人声称外太空有一颗神秘行星X正在撞向地球——或者起码也是擦肩而过,造成破坏。据说,行星迎头撞上地球,地球将会灰飞烟灭。有些人担心,即便这颗行星与地球擦肩而过,受其引力影响尾随其后的小行星会向地球袭来,使地球遭受致命的撞击。
      2012年是否真有这样一颗未知行星正在冲向地球,哪怕只是一颗很小的行星?答案是:没有。“外太空没有这样的天体,”莫里森说,“这说起来可能是再简单明了不过的事了。”“如果真有这样一颗行星或者褐矮星或者其他天体闯入太阳系内部,那么天文学家这十年来早就在研究它了,现在用肉眼也就能看得到了,” 莫里森说,“根本就没这种天体。”
      Myth
      传言5
      Solar Storms to Savage Earth
      太阳风暴将摧毁地球
      In some 2012 disaster scenarios, our own sun is the enemy. Our friendly neighborhood star, it"s rumored, will produce lethal19) eruptions of solar flares20), turning up the heat on Earthlings. Solar activity waxes and wanes21) according to approximately 11-year cycles. Big flares can indeed damage communications and other Earthly systems, but scientists have no indications the sun, at least in the short term, will unleash storms strong enough to fry the planet.
      "As it turns out the sun isn"t on schedule anyway," Morrison said. "We expect that this cycle probably won"t peak in 2012 but a year or two later."
      电影《2012》的一些灾难场景中,我们的太阳成了我们的敌人。有传言说,这颗与我们睦邻友好的恒星将爆发出致命的太阳耀斑,导致地球温度升高,万物备受炙烤。太阳活动有盛有衰,约以11年为一个周期。大耀斑的确可以破坏通信系统和地球上的其他系统,但科学家们并未发现任何迹象表明太阳将爆发足够强的太阳风暴烤焦地球,至少在短期内不会如此。
      “不管怎么说,事实证明太阳的活动并不严格守时,” 莫里森说,“我们预计太阳耀斑的活动周期可能不会在2012年达到峰值,而是会出现在一两年后。”
      Myth
      传言6
      Maya Had Clear Predictions for 2012
      玛雅人曾明确预言2012是何景象
      If the Maya didn"t expect the end of time in 2012, what exactly did they predict for that year? Many scholars say the empire didn"t leave a clear record predicting that anything specific would happen in 2012.   The Maya did pass down a graphic—though undated—end-of-the-world scenario, described on the final page of a circa-1100 text known as the Dresden Codex22). The document describes a world destroyed by flood, a scenario imagined in many cultures and probably experienced, on a less apocalyptic scale, by ancient peoples.
      Aveni said the scenario is not meant to be read literally—but as a lesson about human behavior. In fact, Aveni said, the Maya weren"t much for predictions. "The whole timekeeping scale is very past directed, not future directed," he said. "What you read on these monuments of the Long Count are events that connected Maya rulers with ancestors and the divine. The farther back you can plant your roots in deep time, the better argument you can make that you"re legit23). And I think that"s why these Maya rulers were using Long Count time. It"s not about a fixed prediction about what"s going to happen."
      如果玛雅人并不认为世界末日是在2012年,那么他们究竟对2012年做了什么样的预言?许多学者表示,玛雅帝国并没有留下明确的记载来预测2012年具体会发生什么。
      不过,玛雅人确实遗留下来一幅世界末日图,但并未注明日期。该图在约有1100条条文的《德累斯顿法典》的最后一页,图中描绘了一个被洪水毁灭的世界,这一场景许多人类文明都曾想象过,古人还有可能经历过,只不过古人经历过的并没有这幅图所描绘的那么恐怖。
      阿韦尼说,这幅图的目的不是让人们就图论图,而是用来告诫人类要注意自身行为。阿韦尼说,玛雅人其实并不喜欢预测未来。“玛雅人的整个历法是针对过去的,而不是指向未来,”他说,“你所看到的长计历记载的这些重大日期,均发生过有关玛雅统治者与先贤圣人的重大事件。统治者把自己的渊源说得越久远,就越能表明其统治地位是合乎章法、顺乎天意的。我认为这才是玛雅统治者使用长计历的原因,而不是为了明确预测未来会发生什么事。”
      1. debunk [?di??b??k] vt. 揭穿
      2. purported [p??p??t?d] adj. 传说的;谣传的
      3. apocalyptic [??p?k??l?pt?k] adj. 预示大动乱(或大灾变)的;预示世界末日恐怖景象的
      4. wallop [?w?l?p] vt. 猛击
      5. sear [s??(r)] vt. 烧焦……的表皮;烧灼
      6. heyday [?he?de?] n. 最兴盛的时期
      7. Long Count: 长计历,玛雅人创造的一种新的历法,用于记录更长的时间,并作为碑文铭刻用的日期。
      8. cyclical [?sa?kl?kl; ?s?kl?kl] adj. 循环的,周期的
      9. doomsday [?du?mzde?] n. 世界末日
      10. mantle [?m?ntl] n. 【地】地幔
      11. galactic alignment: 银河对齐,指银河系中心的黑洞与太阳、地球排成一条直线。
      12.spawn [sp??n] vt. 造成,引起,酿成13. drastic [?dr?st?k; ?drɑ?st?k] adj. 激烈的,猛烈的
      14. scenario [s??nɑ?ri??] n. 局面
      15. herald [?her?ld] vt. 预示……的来临
      16. horoscope [?h?r?sk??p] n. 星象(尤指某人诞生时各天体的位置)
      17. obliterate [??bl?t?re?t] vt. 消灭
      18. brown dwarf: 【天】棕矮星,褐矮星
      19. lethal [?li?θl] adj. 致死的;毁灭性的
      20. solar flare: 【天】太阳耀斑,日晕,日辉
      21. wax and wane: (影响等)交替增加和减少;盛衰
      22. Dresden Codex: 《德累斯顿法典》,包含了许多天文和历法信息,如日食、金星凌日以及太阳、月球、恒星的运动变化等。
      23. legit [l??d??t] adj. (= legitimate) 合法的;正统的

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