渐进写作 ① 层次一 写正确地道的语句
Section 1 培养两种写作意识
想要写好英语作文，就要养成良好的写作意识。
◆ 要养成用英语思维写句子的意识。
◆ 要养成正确使用谓语动词的意识。
1. 用英语思维写句子。
英语和汉语句子表达的语序是有区别的。在汉语中我们一般说：“某人在什么时候在什么地方做了某事。”或 “什么时候，某人在什么地方做了某事。”
但在英语中则要表达成：____________________________________ 1. 这个星期五，我们将在阶梯教室（lecture hall）上汉语课。
_________________________________________________ 2.在过去几年里，这座小镇发生了很大的变化。
___________________________________________________
2. 正确使用谓语动词。
英语中，一个句子的主干部分是“主语 + 谓语+宾语”，而“谓语”则是句子的核心，因此，有无谓语不成句之说。英语写作中，谓语出错都要扣分，故使用正确的谓语形式成为必然。
正确的谓语形式包括：
◆ 准确的谓语动词
◆ 正确的时态、语态和主谓一致 1. 我突然想起一个好主意。_________________________________________ 2. 我们可能早点出发，以便我们有更多时间看书和选书
_____________________________________________________________________
3. 从那时起，他就一直住在这个村庄。___________________________________ 2.
几个小时后，他们终于到达了目的地。____________________________________________ Section 3 常见错误 一、谓语错误
谓语是句子的核心成分，谓语错误属于“重大错误”。通常每错必扣分。谓语错误通常分为以下两类：
◆ 谓语动词选用错误
◆ 谓语的时态、语态、一致性错误 1. 谓语动词选用错误 1. Doing a parttime job can effect your studies.
2. He opened the light after he entered the room.
3. He fond of pop music while his brother likes raps.
4. He was like ice cream even though in winter.
5. The sports meet will held in our school next Friday.
2. 谓语时态、语态、一致性错误 1. In the morning, we had bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees.
2. Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.
3. I have a wide range of hobbies, which includes drawing, collecting stamps and so on.
二、单词拼写错误
很多考生因为基础词汇没掌握好，在写作时经常会出现单词拼写错误。拼写错误一般是每三个错词扣一分。但拼写错误过多的考生肯定是得不了好分数的。
误：
Compared with others, this country pays little attention to the polution.
误：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be geting more and more smaller.
三. 非谓语错误
写作中使用非谓语动词时要注意非谓语与句子主语或所修饰名词的谓语关系和被动关系。这是很容易出错的点。
误：
With his attention fixing upon his cellphone, he didn’t notice the teacher was standing by him.
误：
Seating on the bench, she buried herself in her thought.
技能应用 改正下列句子中的错误。
1．People throwed cans, paper, bags and so on into the river.
2．It"s high time we do something to reduce the number of traffic accidents.
3．There have been more and more road accidents happened in recent years.
4．Dr. Smith, together with his wife, are to arrive by taking an evening flight.
渐进写作② 层次二 写高级优美的句子 Section 1
亮点词汇的使用
一篇高考作文在阅卷时往往在 30 秒钟内就被判定优劣；大众化的词汇、平庸的表达已使长时间工作的阅卷老师产生了视觉疲劳。如果一篇作文中突然出现几个与众不同、让人眼前一亮的词汇，老师的给分也绝不会吝啬！
一、使用亮点词汇的方法 1．短语/习语优先
在写作中，一般情况下应多使用词组、习语来代替单词，以增加文采，即“短语优先”。
① This is a friendly game, so we should remember the principle of friendship first. → This is a friendly game, so we should _____________ the principle of friendship first. ① Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer clothes and an umbrella with you. → Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer clothes ___________ an umbrella with you. 2．高级词汇优先
写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇（高级词汇），会给阅卷人耳目一新的感觉。
高级词汇常指高中及以上学到的书面的、专业的词汇，而不是口头上的词汇。也指高年级学到的词（相对于低年级学到词）。
①
I am Li Hua，a student studying in London, who is very glad to be informed of the message that there will be a
Chinese painting exhibition in your local art gallery. → I am Li Hua，a student studying in London, who is ________________ to be informed of the message that there
will be a Chinese painting exhibition in your local art gallery. ①
In order to provide the students with a wonderful match, we need to have enough training. → _______________ provide the students with a _________ match, we need to have enough training. ① Obviously，blindly following others" advice will affect our own judgment. → __________，blindly following others" advice will have an effect on our own judgment. 3．避免重复使用同一词语
写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用近义词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。
① Some students think that it"s necessary to ban using cellphones in the campus,...... while other don"t think so. → Some students ___________ that it"s necessary to ban using cellphones in the campus,...... While other don"t
think so. ① First of all, you should arrive on time because it is good manners to be on time in China. → First of all, you should arrive on time because it is good manners to be ___________ in China. 技能运用 请用亮点词汇替换下列句子中的黑体部分。
1. We will try our best to develop the traditional friendship between us. → We will try our best to _______ the traditional friendship between us. 2. Finally, your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult. → _________, your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult. 3．As high school students, we should be neatly dressed when at school. _______________ 4．The teacher directed the gifted students towards the more difficult courses. ___________ 3．I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.
_____________________ 4．Our class thought of the idea of how to take advantage of used materials. ______________ 5．We should try to improve ourselves through learning and prepare for the future.__________ 6．I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I"d like you to help me. __________ 8．When you are bored with the people around, you"d better find a quiet place, listening to some classical music.
Section 2
多样化句型的使用
第五档（13-15 分）作文的评分标准中规定“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇”。所以使用丰富多样的句型，定会让文章出人头地。多样化句型包括简单句，复合句（含三大从句）、并列句、非谓语、特殊句型等。从层次上来说，复合句、特殊句型要高于简单句，但一篇短文中出现太多的复合句，则会让阅读者(评卷者)产生疲劳感。因此，写作时不能过度使用复合句，要长短结合。
I
使用并列句
并列句是用并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句或相似成分连接起来，使句子更紧凑。
但并列两个主语时，要特别注意谓语的数。
一、并列句的类型及并列连词 类型 连词 并列关系(递进关系) and, as well as，both...and...，not only...but also...，neither...nor... 转折关系 but, yet, whereas 选择关系 or, otherwise, or else，either ...or ..., not ...but ... 因果关系 for, so, therefore, thus 对比关系 while 二、并列句的常用句型 1．not only ...but also... 不但……，而且……
not only ... but also 连接两个句子时，前面的句子要用部分倒装。
Not only ________________ (外国人喜欢) to visit the Great Wall, but we Chinese are also anxious to see it. 2．祈使句/名词词组＋and/or＋陈述句
该句型前面的祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句；连词后面的陈述句则常用一般将来时。推荐使用！
_________________________ (如果你学会理解) you will keep away from a world full of sadness and disappointment. 3．had done/be doing/be about to do ...when ...刚做完某事/正做某事/正要做某事，这时……
该句型常是一个非常英语化的表达，指某动作正要发生、正在发生或刚刚发生，这时，另一个动作发生了。
One day, I was walking to my school _________ I found an old lady lying on the street, looking very painful.
【技能运用】用适当的并列连词填空。
1．Some choose to avoid the problems _____ others decide to deal with them. 2．First,
I"m openminded and warmhearted, __ I"m getting along well with everyone. 3．You can contact me ______ by phone or by email if you want to know more about our university. 4．I worked hard at English and devoted all my spare time to practicing it, _______ I failed to pass the midterm examination. 5．It"s really very dangerous.One more step, ______ the baby will fall into the well. 6．I was walking along the river ________ I heard a boy crying for help. 7．_________ can students improve their writing skills in this way ________ they can strengthen their selfconfidence. II
使用三大从句 三大从句通常为定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句，而名词性从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。写作中三大从句的运用就是语言掌握能力的体现。建议一篇短文中三类从句要各写一个。
一、润色添彩的定语从句
定语从句能够比较清楚地反映出考生对于语言较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。
I"m a Chinese student, who is taking a summer course in London now (暑期正在伦敦学习)。
在写作中如果我们可以把两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句，就是从低级到高级表达的转换。
I"m glad to learn that you want a student volunteer. I am quite interested in it. → I"m glad to learn that you want a student volunteer, _____________________________. During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside.In the countryside，the air is fresh and people are friendly. → During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, ________________________________________. 二、丰富多样的名词性从句 名词性从句是写作中常见的高级表达方式。在写作中我们如果能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，对写作是一种质的升华。
常用的名词性从句句型有：
1) I"m glad to learn that... 2) I hold the belif that... 3) I’d like to share with you good news that... 4) What I want to stress/ impressed me most
is that...
5) One reason for sth is / was that... 6) There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问...... 7) It is obvious/clear that... 显然...... 8) It occurred to me that...
我突然想起...... 1) 我认为，我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。
______________________we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty. 2) 我非常高兴地得知你们的美术馆将举办一个中国画画展。
I"m glad to learn that your gallery will host a Chinese painting exhibition.
3) He said a lot at the meeting. His words were very attractive. → _____________________________ was very attractive. 4）Our women volleyball team had won the championship.The news encouraged us all greatly. → The news ________________________...