句型（三）
祈使句和感叹句 一：祈使句： 祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类。
1．第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。如：
Stand up! 站起来！ Don’t worry about! 不要担忧/忧虑！ 2．第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。如：
Let’s go! 让我们走！ Let us go home! 让我们回家！ Let him be here by 10 o’clock．让他10点到这儿。
祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如：
Help! 救命！ Patience! 耐心点！ Quickly! 快点！ Hands up! 举起手来！ 二、祈使句的强调形式及否定形式 祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do。如：
Do be careful! Do Stop talking! Do give my regards to your parents!务必／一定代我向你父母问好! 祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don’t或never。如：
Don’t you be nervous!你不要紧张! 以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Let’s或Let us／me后加not。如：
Let’s not waste our time arguing about it! 咱们别浪费时间争论这事了! Let’s not say anything about it! 这事咱们谁也别说! 三、祈使句的反意疑问句 1．祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要用shall，will。如：
Pass me the book，will you? 2．Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“Shall we?”。如：
Let’s go for a walk，shall we? Let’s forget it，shall we? 3．Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”。如：
Let us go for a walk，will you? 四． 感叹句 通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。
what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：
1. How +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+ 陈述语序。
2. How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序。
3. What+a/an+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序。
4. What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序。
5. What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序。
How clever a boy he is! How lovely the baby is! What noise they are making! What a clever boy he is! What wonderful ideas (we have)! What cold weather it is! 感叹句的省略形式为：
What a clever boy (he is)! 小升初专项练习—祈使句和感叹句 I. 选择题。
1. Please ____, they’re having a meeting.(1998黑龙江) A. not be so noisy B. Be quite C. mustn’t talk D. no speaking 2. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there.(河北) A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Don’t forget 3. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____?(1990北京西城区) A. won’t we B. will you C. don’t we D. shall we 4. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ____?(1999天津) A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you 5. –Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I ____. A. don’t B. won’t C. can’t D. haven’t 6. ____ down the radio. The baby’s asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn 7. Lucy, ____ the door or someone’ll come in.(1996河南) A. close B. closes C. not close D. is closing 8. ____ and play football in the street after lunch.(哈尔滨) A. Let’s not to go B. Let’s not go C. Let’s don’t go D. Not let’s go 9. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus.(安徽) A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking 10. ____ Chinese in you English class.(2000西安) A. Not speak B. Don’t speak C. Speak not D. Don’t speaking II. 将下列句子变成祈使句：
1. Would you like to wait a moment?→_____ _____ a moment. 2. Can I use your bike?→Please _____ _____ your bike. 3. You’d better not smoke here.→_____ _____ here. 4. You must be careful with your handwriting. _____ _____ with your handwriting. 5. Will you please not play with my pencil? →____ ____ with my pencil,____. III. 将下列句子变成感叹句：
1. It is quite a nice present.→_____ _____ nice present! 2. We have fine weather today.→ _____ _____ weather we have today! 3. It’s sunny today.→_____ _____ sunny day it is today! 4. The children are working hard.→_____ _____ the children are working! 5. She played basketball wonderfully.→_____ _____ she played basketball! 6. He is good at singing.→_____ _____ he sings! 7. He was doing well in dancing.→_____ a _____ dancer he was! 8. Tom coughs badly.→_____ _____ _____ cough Tom has! 9. The fish is very lovely.→_____ _____ the fish is! 10. They live a happy life today.→_____ _____ _____ life they live! IV. 选择题 1. ____ a nice watch it is!(1998山东) A. How B. What C. What a D. How a 2. ____ bright girls they are!(1998浙江) A. What B. What a C. How D. how a 3. ____ interesting the film is!(1998湖北) A. What B. What an C. How D. What a 4. ____ sunny day! Let’s go out for a walk.(1999江西) A. How a B. How C. What a D. What 5. ____ hard work it is!(1999浙江) A. How B. What C. What a D. What an 6. ____ day it is! It’s rainy again. (1999江西) A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine 7. ____ great day July 1,1997 will be! (1999上海) A. How a B. What a C. How D. What 8. ____ expensive trousers!(1999浙江) A. What B. What a C. How D. What an 9. ____ girl she is!(1998河北) A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright 10. ____ weather we have today!(1983上海) A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine 11. ____ careless he is!(1986吉林) A. What B. How C. So much D. How much 12. ____ from Beijing to London!(1993黑龙江) A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is 13. Oh, John, ____ you gave us!(1990内蒙古) A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise 14. ____ useful work they have done!(2000上海) A. What B. How C. What a D. What an 15. ____ nice picture you gave me!(2000杭州) A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
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